Understanding Modern Cyberattacks: Lessons from Real-World Incidents
In today’s digital age, the internet is an integral part of our daily lives—powering everything from work and education to hobbies and entertainment. But as our reliance on the online world grows, so does the threat landscape. Cybercriminals are constantly devising new ways to exploit both individuals and organizations, driven by motives ranging from financial gain to sheer disruption.
In the following sections, we’ll explore four high-profile cyberattacks, examining the tactics and techniques that made them possible.
WannaCry Ransomware Attack
The WannaCry ransomware attack (CVE-2017-0147) was one of the most widespread and disruptive cyber incidents in recent history. Striking in May 2017, it affected over 200,000 computers across 150 countries, encrypting users’ data and demanding Bitcoin payments in exchange for decryption keys.
The attack primarily targeted unpatched Windows systems—especially older versions like Windows XP and Windows 7, by exploiting a vulnerability in Microsoft’s Server Message Block (SMB) protocol. This vulnerability, known as EternalBlue, allowed attackers to remotely execute code by sending specially crafted packets to vulnerable machines, without any user interaction.
EternalBlue was originally developed by the NSA but was leaked by the Shadow Brokers hacking group, making it publicly available. WannaCry used this exploit to deploy a self-replicating worm that scanned networks for other vulnerable systems, enabling it to spread rapidly and autonomously.
Although Microsoft had released a patch for the vulnerability (MS17-010) two months before the attack, many organizations had not applied it. This oversight left countless systems exposed and underscored the critical importance of timely software updates. WannaCry served as a stark reminder of how quickly known vulnerabilities can be weaponized and the risks of relying on outdated infrastructure.
How Unpatched Systems Impact Everyday Users:
For everyday users, the WannaCry attack is a powerful reminder of why keeping operating systems up to date is so important. In this case, Microsoft had already released a patch for the EternalBlue vulnerability months before the attack occurred, but many users hadn’t installed it, leaving their systems exposed.
To reduce the risk of similar threats, users should enable automatic updates whenever possible. This ensures that critical security patches are applied promptly, minimizing the chances of falling victim to exploits targeting known vulnerabilities.
SolarWinds Orion Vulnerability
The SolarWinds hack (CVE-2020-10148) was a highly sophisticated supply chain attack that compromised the Orion network management software—used by thousands of private companies, government agencies, and organizations worldwide. In this breach, attackers managed to insert a Trojanized backdoor into routine software updates, which were then unknowingly distributed to Orion customers. This gave the attackers covert access to internal networks, including those of several U.S. federal agencies.
The attackers exploited a vulnerability in SolarWinds’ FTP server to inject malicious files into legitimate update packages. These tampered updates carried a stealthy backdoor known as SUNBURST, which was seamlessly delivered through Orion’s trusted update mechanism. Once installed, SUNBURST granted persistent access to compromised systems, enabling lateral movement across networks and the exfiltration of sensitive data.
What made this attack especially dangerous was its ability to bypass traditional security defenses. It didn’t rely on user interaction or exploit flaws in the software’s core functionality—instead, it weaponized the trust placed in software updates. The attackers remained undetected for months, highlighting the severe risks posed by vulnerabilities in the software supply chain. As a result, the SolarWinds breach is considered one of the most impactful and far-reaching cyberattacks in history.
How It Affects Regular Users:
Although the SolarWinds attack primarily targeted large organizations and government entities, it highlights a broader concern that affects everyone: the potential for malware to be delivered through trusted sources like software updates. This incident underscores the importance of vigilance, even for individual users.
While most home users weren’t directly impacted, the attack serves as a reminder to be cautious when downloading or updating software. To stay safe, users should stick to downloading updates directly from official websites or trusted app stores, enable automatic updates when possible, and avoid using third-party sources that could be compromised.
Twitter Account Hijacking
The Twitter account hijacking incident was a high-profile social engineering attack that targeted internal Twitter staff rather than exploiting technical vulnerabilities. Attackers identified employees with potential access to Twitter’s internal tools by scouring LinkedIn and other publicly available sources. Taking advantage of the remote work environment during the COVID-19 pandemic—when in-person verification was limited, they impersonated Twitter personnel and tricked employees into logging into the company’s VPN.
Once inside, the attackers likely used phishing techniques and credential theft to gain access to internal systems and administrative tools. With this elevated access, they were able to take control of several high-profile Twitter accounts, including those of celebrities, tech leaders, and politicians.
This attack underscored the power of social engineering and the risks posed by the human element in cybersecurity. Rather than exploiting software flaws, the attackers manipulated trust and information to breach one of the world’s largest social media platforms—demonstrating that even the most secure systems can be compromised through targeted deception.
How it Affects Regular Users:
This incident highlights the risks posed by social engineering, where attackers exploit human behavior rather than technical flaws. By manipulating employees, the attackers gained access to internal tools and used verified, high-profile accounts to launch a scam that defrauded users of over $100,000.
For individuals, both at home and in the workplace, this underscores the importance of verifying identities before sharing sensitive information. If a request seems suspicious, whether it comes via email, message, or phone—take the extra step to confirm the source through a trusted channel.
Toll Text Smishing
In a recent nationwide scam, U.S. residents received fraudulent text messages claiming they owed unpaid toll fines. The goal was to steal personal or payment information through phishing links embedded in the messages. These texts impersonated legitimate toll agencies like SunPass and E-ZPass to appear credible and lower recipients’ defenses.
Once victims clicked the links and submitted their information, scammers could either withdraw funds using the provided payment details or use the stolen personal data to commit identity theft. This campaign demonstrated how easily trust in familiar institutions can be exploited through simple but effective social engineering tactics.
The Impact of Toll Text Smishing:
Unlike many cyberattacks that target organizations, this scam was aimed directly at individuals. It highlights the importance of staying vigilant when receiving unexpected digital communications, especially when there is no IT department to consult at home.
Avoid clicking on links or responding to messages from unknown senders. Even if a message appears to come from a familiar source, it is important to verify its legitimacy through a known and trusted channel before taking any action.
Real Threats. Real Lessons. Real Protection.
Cyber threats are constantly evolving, and as these real-world examples show, no one is immune — from global corporations to everyday individuals. Staying informed, practicing good digital hygiene, and being cautious with online interactions are essential steps in protecting yourself and your data.
If your organization isn’t sure how prepared it is for today’s cyber threats, you’re not alone. We help organizations assess their risk, strengthen their defenses, and take action with confidence. Contact us today to start a conversation about how we can help you stay secure and resilient in a constantly evolving threat landscape.
Chase, Security Specialist
Chase is a seasoned Security Specialist with over a decade of experience in IT, encompassing roles from field technician to systems analyst and engineer. He holds CompTIA Security+ and Microsoft SC-300 certifications. When he's not enhancing digital security, Chase enjoys staying active and exploring virtual worlds through immersive video games.
